AI Basics

Approaches used in traditional AI:

1.      Acting Humanly:  Acting humanly approach is related to Turing test, which is a renewed method to test machine’s ability to think like human. Turing defined intelligent behavior as the ability to achieve human-level performance in all cognitive tasks, sufficient to fool an interrogator. To pass this machine would need to possess the following capabilities:

• Natural language processing: to enable it to communicate successfully in human language;
• Knowledge representation:  to store information provided before or during the interrogation;
• Automated reasoning: to use the stored information to answer questions and to draw new conclusions;
• Machine learning: to adapt to new circumstances and to detect and extrapolate patterns.

To pass total Turing test, includes a video signal so that the interrogator can test the subject's perceptual abilities, as well as the opportunity for the interrogator to pass physical objects, machines needs following capabilities:

• computer vision: to perceive objects, and
• Robotics: to move them about.

2.      Thinking Humanly:  the cognitive modelling approach.

Determine how human think. Computer passed test input/output and timing behavior match corresponding human behavior. Cognitive science bring together models from all the experimental techniques from psychology to try to construct precise and trustable theory of the working of the human mind.

3.      Think rationally:  the lows of though approach

Aristotle first to create irrefutable reasoning process. The goal is principle to solve any solvable problem described in logical motion.

Problem: 1) it is not easy to take informal knowledge terms and make it formal term required by logical motion,

2) Big difference between being able to solve in principle and doing practice.

4      Acting Rationally : the rational agent approach 

Agent:   operating under autonomous control, perceiving there environment .persisting over a prolonged time period, adapting to change and being capable of taking on another goals.

A rational agent is that one that acts so as to achieve the best outcome.